Vertigo is a type of dizziness characterized by a false sensation of movement or spinning. Let’s explore the causes of having vertigo along with how to get rid of vertigo through this article.
Vertigo is described as feeling like you or your surroundings are rotating, tilting, or swaying. It can result from various underlying causes related to the inner ear, vestibular system, or even certain neurological conditions. A very common type of vertigo is known as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. In BPPV, tiny calcium crystals called canaliths become dislodged from their usual position within the inner ear and migrate into one of the ear’s semicircular canals.
Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are viral infections that affect the vestibular nerve or the inner ear, respectively. These infections can lead to inflammation and disrupt the normal functioning of the vestibular system, resulting in prolonged spells of vertigo accompanied by nausea and imbalance. If you or someone you know experiences persistent or severe vertigo, it’s important to seek medical attention to actuate the cause and receive appropriate care.
Read on to gain valuable insights about the causes of vertigo and how to get rid of vertigo.
Table of Contents
What are the different types of vertigo?
Vertigo is a complex and multifaceted condition that can stem from various underlying causes. Here are some of the main types of vertigo.
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
- Meniere’s disease
- Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis
- Migraine associated vertigo
- Central vertigo
- Acute unilateral vestibulopathy
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo:
BPPV is a very common type of vertigo. It occurs when small calcium crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and migrate into the semicircular canals. These canals are responsible for detecting rotational movements. When you change the position of your head, these displaced crystals stimulate the inner ear inappropriately, sending misleading signals to the brain about your body’s orientation. This results in brief episodes of intense spinning sensation, typically lasting less than a minute. Common triggers include rolling over in bed, tilting the head, or looking up.
Meniere’s disease:
Meniere’s disease is a recurring inner ear disorder that involves an abnormal buildup of fluid in the labyrinth, the part of the inner ear accountable for balance and hearing. The fluid imbalance disrupts the normal functioning of the vestibular system, leading to recurrent episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, a sensation of fullness in the affected ear. These vertigo episodes can last for hours and are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis:
Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are often caused by viral infections affecting nerves. Vestibular neuritis specifically targets the vestibular nerve, while labyrinthitis involves inflammation of the entire inner ear. Both conditions result in sudden and severe vertigo, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and difficulty with balance. While vestibular neuritis generally doesn’t affect hearing, labyrinthitis may cause hearing loss along with its other symptoms.
Migraine associated vertigo:
Some individuals with a history of migraines experience a specific type of vertigo known as MAV or vestibular migraine. Vestibular migraines occur when the vestibular system is affected during a migraine attack. The vertigo in MAV is often accompanied by migraine’s typical symptoms, such as headache, sensitivity to light and visual disturbances.
Central vertigo:
Unlike the previous types, which originate in the inner ear, central vertigo is linked to issues within the central nervous system, particularly the brainstem or cerebellum. It can result from conditions like multiple sclerosis, stroke, or tumors affecting these brain regions. Central vertigo tends to be less influenced by head movements and is often associated with additional neurological symptoms like double vision, difficulty speaking, or weakness on one side of the body.
Acute unilateral vestibulopathy:
This type of vertigo is characterized by a sudden loss of function in one ear’s vestibular system. The exact cause is often unclear, but it can result from infections, autoimmune reactions, or other factors. Acute unilateral vestibulopathy leads to intense vertigo that gradually improves over several weeks, accompanied by imbalance, unsteadiness, and difficulty walking.
What are the causes of having vertigo?
Vertigo can arise from a variety of underlying factors, each contributing to the disruption of the body’s balance and spatial orientation. Here are some of the key causes of vertigo.
- Inner ear disorder
- Head trauma and injury
- Migraines and vestibular migraine
- Acoustic neuroma
- Certain medications
- Central nervous system disorders
- Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
- Aging and degenerative changes
Inner ear disorder:
The inner ear plays a paramount role in maintaining balance and equilibrium. Disorders that affect the inner ear’s structures or functioning can lead to vertigo. This includes conditions like benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis, and labyrinthitis, which were previously discussed. These disorders often involve disturbances in the fluid filled canals or damage to the vestibular nerve.
Head trauma and injury:
Head injuries, concussions, or trauma to the skull can impact the delicate structures of the inner ear and disrupt the vestibular system. The resulting damage can lead to vertigo and other symptoms. Even minor head injuries, like whiplash, can potentially trigger vertigo by disturbing the inner ear’s normal functioning.
Migraines and vestibular migraine:
Migraines are severe headaches often accompanied by additional symptoms like visual disturbances, sensitivity to light, and nausea. In some cases, migraines can affect the vestibular system, leading to vertigo and related symptoms during a migraine attack. This condition is known as vestibular migraine or migraine associated vertigo.
Acoustic neuroma:
Vestibular schwannoma is a non-cancerous tumor that advances on the vestibular nerve, which links the inner ear to the brain. As the tumor matures, it can press on the nerve and disrupt its signals, leading to vertigo, hearing loss, and other neurological issues.
Certain medications:
Some medications, particularly those that affect the inner ear on the nervous system, can have vertigo as a side effect. These may include certain antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and even some sedatives. It’s essential to discuss potential side effects with your healthcare provider when prescribed new medications.
Central nervous system disorders:
Conditions affecting the brainstem, cerebellum, or other parts of the central nervous system can also source vertigo. Multiple sclerosis, strokes, and tumors within the brain can disrupt the brain’s processing of balance and spatial information, leading to episodes of vertigo.
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance:
Proper fluid and electrolyte balance is paramount for the inner ear’s functioning. Dehydration or an imbalance in electrolyte levels can affect the inner ear’s fluid composition, potentially triggering vertigo.
Aging and degenerative changes:
As we age, the structures within the inner can naturally undergo degenerative changes, affecting their ability to detect motion accurately. This can contribute to an expanded risk of experiencing vertigo in older individuals.
How to get rid of vertigo?
Vertigo can significantly impact daily life, but there are various strategies and treatments available to help alleviate its symptoms and improve overall well being. Here are some approaches to managing and treating vertigo.
- Epley maneuver
- Vestibular rehabilitation therapy
- Medications
- Canalith repositioning procedures
- Lifestyle modifications
- Hydration and diet
- Stress management
- Avoiding triggers
- Medication management for underlying conditions
- Surgery
Epley maneuver:
The epley maneuver is a string of head movements designed to reposition dislodged calcium crystals within the inner ear, commonly seen in BPPV. By guiding these crystals back to their proper place, the maneuver can alleviate vertigo symptoms. It’s usually performed under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy:
VRT is a particular form of physical therapy that aims to strengthen the vestibular system and improve balance. Through targeted exercises and movements, VRT helps the brain adapt to changes in the inner ear and reduces vertigo episodes over time.
Medications:
Depending on the underlying cause of vertigo, your doctor may prescribe medications. For example, vestibular suppressants like meclizine can help manage acute vertigo symptoms, while anti-nausea drugs may alleviate associated nausea and vomiting.
Canalith repositioning procedures:
Similar to the epley maneuver, these procedures involve specific head and body movements to guide displaced crystals back into the correct part of the inner ear. These maneuvers are performed by healthcare professionals and can be effective for certain types of vertigo.
Lifestyle modifications:
Making changes in your daily routines and habits can help manage vertigo. This includes avoiding sudden head movements, sleeping with your head elevated, and using caution when getting out of bed.
Hydration and diet:
Maintaining proper hydration and a balanced diet can support the inner ear’s health. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances can contribute to vertigo, so drinking enough water and consuming electrolyte rich foods can be beneficial.
Stress management:
Stress and anxiety can exacerbate vertigo symptoms. Participating in relaxation methods like deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can reduce stress and improve your overall well being.
Avoiding triggers:
If you’ve identified specific triggers for your vertigo, such as certain foods or activities, avoiding or minimizing exposures to these triggers can help prevent vertigo episodes.
Medication management and underlying conditions:
If vertigo is an indication of an underlying condition like meniere’s disease or migraines, managing and treating that condition can lead to a reduction in vertigo episodes. This may involve specific medications, lifestyle adjustments, or other interventions.
Surgery:
In rare instances where other treatments are ineffective or for specific conditions like vestibular schwannoma, surgery may be considered. Surgical options aim to correct structural issues, remove tumors, or address underlying causes.
Is there any natural way to get rid of vertigo?
While medical interventions and therapies are often recommended for managing vertigo, there are several natural approaches that can complement conventional treatments. Here are some natural remedies for vertigo.
- Ginger
- Ginkgo biloba
- Vitamin D
- Hydration and balanced diet
- Hydrotherapy
- Acupressure and reflexology
- Yoga and tai chi
- Homeopathic remedies
- Essential oils
- Stress reduction techniques
Ginger:
Ginger has anti-inflammatory and anti-nausea characteristics that may help alleviate vertigo symptoms. Consuming ginger tea, chewing on ginger root, or taking ginger supplements could provide relief by reducing dizziness and nausea.
Ginkgo biloba:
Ginkgo biloba is a herbal remedy thought to enhance blood flow and circulation, potentially benefiting the inner ear’s function. Some studies suggest that ginkgo biloba supplements might improve symptoms of vertigo by promoting better blood circulation to the vestibular system.
Vitamin D:
Vitamin D is paramount for overall health, and maintaining adequate levels could indirectly support the vestibular system function. Natural sunlight exposure is a primary source of vitamin D. Alternatively, vitamin D supplements, when recommended by a healthcare professional, can help ensure proper levels.
Hydration and balanced diet:
Staying hydrated is essential for sustaining optimal bodily functions, including the inner ear’s health. A balanced diet rich in nutrients provides the necessary building blocks for the body to function well. Adequate hydration and proper nutrition contribute to the overall well being of the vestibular system.
Hydrotherapy:
Hydrotherapy involves alternating between warm and cold water to stimulate blood circulation. This can potentially improve inner ear function by enhancing blood flow and promoting balance. Gradually transitioning between water temperatures while showering may help stimulate the vestibular system.
Acupressure and reflexology:
Acupressure and reflexology involve applying gentle pressure on particular points on the body to promote relaxation and alleviate discomfort. Targeted pressure on certain areas may help restore balance and reduce vertigo symptoms over time.
Yoga and tai chi:
Yoga and tai chi are movement based practices that incorporate controlled motions, deep breathing, and meditation. These exercises can enhance balance, reduce stress, and promote relaxation, potentially leading to improved vertigo symptoms and overall well being.
Homeopathic remedies:
Homeopathy uses highly diluted substances to trigger the body’s self healing mechanisms. Some practitioners believe that specific remedies may address vertigo symptoms, but it’s important to consult a qualified homeopath for personalized guidance.
Essential oils:
Aromatherapy with oils like peppermint, lavender, and lemon can have relaxing effects that may help reduce stress and alleviate vertigo symptoms. Inhaling these scents or using diluted oils during relaxation practices could offer relief.
Stress reduction techniques:
Stress can exacerbate vertigo symptoms. Methods such as deep breathing, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and visualization help manage stress and anxiety, potentially leading to fewer vertigo episodes.
What happens if you don’t treat vertigo?
Neglecting to seek treatment for vertigo can lead to various complications and challenges that affect a person’s quality of life and overall well being. Here are some potential consequences of untreated vertigo.
- Increased risk of falls
- Reduced quality of life
- Chronic nausea and vomiting
- Anxiety and stress
- Impaired driving and activities
- Impact on work and productivity
- Risk of secondary complications
- Strain on relationships
- Depression
- Missed opportunities for effective treatment
Increased risk of falls:
Untreated vertigo can result in sudden and severe bouts of dizziness and imbalance. This increased instability can lead to a higher risk of falls, especially during activities that involve changes in position or movement. Falls could result in injuries ranging from minor bruises to more serious fractures or head injuries, impacting overall physical health and mobility.
Reduced quality of life:
Living with untreated vertigo often means experiencing persistent discomfort, dizziness, and the unpredictability of vertigo episodes. This can limit participation in social activities, hobbies, and even work. The resulting isolations and inability to enjoy everyday life can significantly diminish overall quality of life.
Chronic nausea and vomiting:
Vertigo episodes are commonly accompanied by nausea and vomiting. If left untreated, these early symptoms can become chronic, leading to ongoing discomfort and potential complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and weight loss.
Anxiety and stress:
The frequent and unpredictable nature of vertigo episodes can induce heightened anxiety and stress. Fear of vertigo can create anticipatory anxiety, further exacerbating the condition. This emotional strain can impact mental health and overall well being.
Impaired driving and activities:
Vertigo’s sudden dizziness can make driving and participating in activities that require balance and coordination hazardous. Individuals may avoid driving altogether or become unable to engage in physical activities, limiting their independence and daily functioning.
Impact on work and productivity:
The frequent need to manage vertigo symptoms, along with the associated fatigue and dizziness, can lead to decreased productivity at work. Untreated vertigo could potentially lead to missed workdays or difficulty focusing on tasks, affecting career advancement and job performance.
Risk of secondary complications:
Some underlying causes of vertigo, like meniere’s disease, can progress and cause additional complications when untreated. These complications may include permanent hearing loss, chronic which further impacts an individual’s health and wellbeing.
Strain on relationships:
The challenges of untreated vertigo can strain relationships. Loved ones may not fully understand the physical and emotional toll of the condition, leading to frustration and misunderstandings. The need to adjust plans and activities due to vertigo can add strain to interpersonal dynamics.
Depression:
The chronic nature of untreated vertigo and the restrictions it imposes on daily life can contribute to the development of depression. Coping with the physical symptoms, emotional distress, and limitations can lead to feelings of hopelessness and sadness.
Missed opportunities for effective treatment:
Failing to seek treatment means missing out on potential interventions that could significantly improve vertigo symptoms. Effective treatments, such as physical therapy, medications, or lifestyle adjustments, can help manage or even alleviate vertigo, allowing individuals to regain control over their lives.
Conclusion:
Vertigo is a complex and often debilitating condition that can supremely impact an individual’s quality of life and overall well being. Whether caused by disorders of the inner ear, central nervous system issues, or other underlying factors, untreated vertigo can lead to cascades of consequences that affect physical, emotional, and social aspects of life.
By addressing vertigo proactively and comprehensively, individuals can regain control over their lives, enhance their well being, and minimize the potential complications associated with untreated vertigo. Prioritizing proper medical care, lifestyle modifications, and a holistic approach to treatment can pave the way towards improved balance, reduced symptoms, and a brighter future.
